Turbo obtusatusLinnaeus, 1758, p. 761, Not figured [Basis of the current name] Type Locality: in O[ceano] Septentrionali Range: 74°N to 39°N; 74°W to 0°W Depth: 0 to 110 m (live 0 m) Maximum Reported Size: 13 mm Distribution: Greenland: West Greenland; Canada: Labrador, Quebec, New Brunswick; USA: Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey References: Posselt & Jensen (1899) D{N}; Thorson (1941) SE; Fretter & Graham (1980) E; Reid (1996) N Combining Genera: Litorina
Littorina albida Schlesch, 1930, [Not available] Attributed to: Dautzenberg References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Infrasubspecific; non Philippi, 1848.
Littorina obtusata littoralis var. alternataDautzenberg & Fischer, 1915, p. 121, pl. 4, fig. 7, pl. 3, fig. 2 [Not available] Type Locality: Pointe de Rochebonne References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Infrasubspecific.
Littorina obtusata var. ambiguaDautzenberg & Fischer, 1915, p. 109, pl. 4, fig. 5, pl. 2, fig. 6 [Not available] Type Locality: Hamerfest References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Infrasubspecific; non Philippi, 1848.
Littorina arctica var. angulataM. Sars, 1851, p. 181, not figured [Synonym] Type Locality: Tromsö [Norway] References: Reid (1996) s
Litorina arcticaMöller, 1842a, p. 82 [Synonym] Type Locality: [West] Greenland Range: 70°N to 60°N; 65°W to 55°W Depth: 0 m Maximum Reported Size: 13.5 mm Distribution: Greenland: West Greenland References: Möller (1842a) M; Bequaert (1943) s; Schiötte & Warén (1992) DdNSEW; Reid (1996) sT Comments: New name for Nerita litoralis of Fabricius (1780), not Linnaeus (1758), a misidentification.
Littorina auricularia Schlesch, 1916, [Synonym] References: Reid (1996) s
Littorina obtusata var. balteataDautzenberg & Fischer, 1915, p. 109, pl. 4, fig. 4, pl. 2, fig. 5 [Not available] Type Locality: Vardö References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Infrasubspecific; non Reeve, 1857.
Littorina obtusata littoralis monstr. carinatumDautzenberg & Fischer, 1915, p. 127-128, pl. 3, fig. 13 [Not available] Type Locality: Trinité-sur-Mer References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Infrasubspecific; non Turbo carinata Woodward, 1833.
Littorina carinata Schlesch, 1916, [Synonym] References: Reid (1996) s
Littorina obtusata var. castaneaDautzenberg & Fischer, 1915, p. 108-109, pl. 4, fig. 3 [Not available] Type Locality: Yarmouth; Tromsö; Vardö; Groenland; Saint-Pierre-Miquelon Distribution: Canada: Newfoundland, Nova Scotia References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Infrasubspecific; non Deshayes, 1843.
Littorina palliata monstr. coarctataG. O. Sars, 1878, p. 166, pl. 21, fig. 20 [Not available] Type Locality: Tromso References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Infrasubspecific monstrosity.
Littorina obtusata littoralis monstr. contabulatumDautzenberg & Fischer, 1915, p. 127, pl. 3, fig. 12 [Not available] Type Locality: Quiberon References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Infrasubspecific monstrosity.
Littorina arctica var. elatiorM. Sars, 1851, p. 181, not figured [Synonym] Type Locality: Tromsö og Havösund [Norway] Maximum Reported Size: 11 mm References: G. O. Sars (1878) M; Reid (1996) s
Littorina obtusata f. elatior angulataMiddendorff, 1849b, p. 386, 599, pl. 8, fig. 26-28 [Not available] Type Locality: Not stated Comments: Infrasubspecific.
Littorina obtusata littoralis monstr. exsertumDautzenberg & Fischer, 1915, p. 128, pl. 3, fig. 14 [Not available] Type Locality: Unknown References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Infrasubspecific monstrosity.
Litorina fasciata Menke, 1845, [Synonym] References: Reid (1996) sT Comments: Non Gray, 1839.
Littorina obtusata littoralis var. fuscaDautzenberg & Fischer, 1915, p. 118, pl. 4, fig. 4, pl. 2, fig. 15, 17 [Not available] Attributed to: Menke (1845) Type Locality: Many localities References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Infrasubspecific; non Pfeiffer, 1840.
Littorina obtusata f. globosaMiddendorff, 1849b, p. 386-387 [Not available] Type Locality: Russischen Eismeere References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Infrasubspecific; non Dunker, 1845; fig. 17 is L. fabalis (Reid 1996).
Littorina obtusata littoralis var. inversicolorDautzenberg & Fischer, 1915, p. 122-123, pl. 4, fig. 8, pl. 2, fig. 11, 18, pl. 3, fig. 3 [Not available] Type Locality: Many localities References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Infrasubspecific; figs. 11 and 18 are L. fabalis (Reid 1996).
Litorina ioides Menke, 1845, [Not available] References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Name introduced in synonymy of L. obtusata.
Littorina gro/nlandica var. laeviorMörch, 1857b, p. 80, Not figured [Synonym] Type Locality: Greenland Distribution: Greenland References: Dautzenberg & Fischer (1915) s; Reid (1996) s
Littorina obtusata var. lineolataDautzenberg & Fischer, 1915, p. 110, pl. 4, fig. 7, pl. 2, fig. 8 [Not available] Type Locality: Hamerfest References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Infrasubspecific; non d'Orbigny, 1840.
Turbo littoralis auct. non Linnaeus, 1758, [Not available] Range: 41°N ; 72.5°W Distribution: USA: New York References: S. Smith (1860) NSEW; Reid (1989) s Comments: Misidentification by Fabricius (1780); Nerita littoralis Linnaeus, 1758 is a synonym of Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Reid 1996). Combining Genera: Neritoides
Littorina obtusata var. luteaDautzenberg & Fischer, 1915, p. 108, pl. 4, fig. 2 [Not available] Type Locality: Casco Bay, Maine; Saint-Pierre-Miquelon Distribution: Canada: Newfoundland; USA: Maine References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Infrasubspecific; non Philippi, 1847.
Turbo neritiformisBrown, 1827, pl. 46, fig. 24 [Synonym] Type Locality: Lough Strangford, Ireland, near Downpatrick References: Dautzenberg & Fischer (1915) s; Reid (1996) s
Turbo neritoides auct. non Linnaeus, 1758, [Not available] References: Dautzenberg & Fischer (1915) s; Reid (1996) s Comments: Misidentification by Chemnitz, (1781), Schöter (1784), Gmelin (1791) and others. Combining Genera: Litorina
Littorina obtusata f. normalisMiddendorff, 1849b, p. 386, pl. 8, fig. 24-25 [Not available] Type Locality: Not stated Comments: Infrasubspecific.
Littorina tenebrosa var. hybr. obtusataeaMiddendorff, 1849b, p. 391, pl. 8, figs. 1-5 [Not available] Type Locality: Küsten des Russischen Lapplandes References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Infrasubspecific.
Littorina obtusata littoralis var. olivaceaDautzenberg & Fischer, 1915, p. 119, pl. 4, fig. 5, pl. 2, fig. 13-14 [Not available] Type Locality: Jetée du Pouliguen References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Infrasubspecific.
Littorina obtusata var. ornataJeffreys, 1865a, p. 357, [Forbes & Hanley, pl. 84, fig. 8-10] [Synonym] Type Locality: Isle of Wight and Southampton References: Reid (1996) s
Turbo palliatusSay, 1822a, p. 240-241 [Synonym] Type Locality: New England Range: 72.38°N to 41.5°N; 72°W to 0°W Depth: 0 to 91 m (live 0 m) Maximum Reported Size: 12 mm Distribution: Greenland: West Greenland; USA: Maine References: Posselt & Jensen (1899) DNM; Procter (1933) SEW; Bequaert (1943) s; Reid (1996) sT Combining Genera: Litorina
Littorina peconicaS. Smith, 1860, p. 155-156 [Synonym] Type Locality: Peconic Bay, Long Island, New York Range: 41°N ; 72.5°W Distribution: USA: New York References: Bequaert (1943) s; Reid (1996) s
Littorina obtusata var. aurantia monstr. planispiraMartel, 1901a, p. 111, [Martel 1901b:221, pl. 1 {sic. 13}, fig. 7] [Not available] Type Locality: Cancale [France] References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Infrasubspecific monstrosity.
Littorina pulchra Schlesch, 1930, [Not available] Attributed to: Dautzenberg References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Infrasubspecific; non Sowerby, 1832.
Littorelaea pulteneyii Gray, 1847, [Not available] Attributed to: Leach References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Nude name.
Turbo retususLamarck, 1822b, p. 48-49, [Act. Soc. Linn. 8, pl. 5, fig. 15] [Synonym] Type Locality: les mers d'Europe, particulièrment les côtes de la Manche, près de Calais Maximum Reported Size: 11 mm Distribution: Greenland: West Greenland References: Lamarck (1822b) M; Dautzenberg & Fischer (1915) s; Reid (1996) s Comments: Non Brocchi, 1814.
Littorina obtusata littoralis var. rhabdotaDautzenberg & Fischer, 1915, p. 123, pl. 4, fig. 9, pl. 3, fig. 4 [Not available] Type Locality: Iles Lofoten References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Infrasubspecific.
Littorina obtusata littoralis var. rubensDautzenberg & Fischer, 1915, p. 118, pl. 4, fig. 3 [Not available] Attributed to: Menke (1845) Type Locality: Many localities References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Infrasubspecific.
Littorina squalidaGould, 1841, p. 262 [Synonym] Attributed to: Loven MS Type Locality: Norway
Littorina obtusata var. tessellataDautzenberg & Fischer, 1915, p. 110-111, pl. 4, fig. 8, pl. 2, fig. 9 [Not available] Type Locality: Vardö References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Infrasubspecific; non Philippi, 1847.
Littorina obtusata littoralis var. umbilicatumDautzenberg & Fischer, 1915, p. 128, pl. 3, fig. 15 [Not available] Type Locality: Locmariaker References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Infrasubspecific.
Litorina unicolor Menke, 1845, [Synonym] References: Reid (1996) sT
Littorina virescens Schlesch, 1930, [Not available] Attributed to: Dautzenberg References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Infrasubspecific.
Littorina zonata Menke, 1845, [Synonym] References: Reid (1996) sT Comments: Nude name in Jeffreys (1839).
Partial List of References
Brown, T. 1827. Illustrations of the Conchology of Great Britain and Ireland [vi] + v, 52 pls. W. H. Lizars, D. Lizars and S. Highley: London. [True date: post 25 Nov.] Dautzenberg, P. and H. Fischer. 1915. Étude sur le Littorina obtusata et ses variations Journal de Conchyliologie 31 87-128. Gould, A. A. 1841. Report on the Invertebrata of Massachusetts xiii + 373 pp. Commissioners on the Zoological and Botanical Survey of the State: Cambridge, Massachusetts. [True date: pre Oct.] Jeffreys, J. G. 1865. British conchology British Conchology 3 [ii] + 393 pp., frontispiece, 8 pls. John Van Voorst: London. Lamarck, [J. B.] 1822. Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertèbres 7 [iii] + 711 pp. Author: Paris. [Stated date: -- Aug 1822.] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae Systema Naturae, 10th ed., vol. 1 824 pp. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae [Stockholm, Sweden]. Martel, H. 1901. Liste de coquilles marines, terrestres & d'eau douce, recueillies aux environs de Cancale. Première partie -- Coquilles marines (suite) La Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes (4)31 109-114. [Stated date: 01 Feb 1901; true date: pre 11 Feb.] Middendorff, A. T. von. 1849. Beiträge zu einer Malacozoologia Rossica. II. Aufzählung und Beschreibung der zur Meeresfauna Russlands gehörigen einschaler Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg, Sciences Naturelles (6)6 329-516, pls. 1-11. Möller, H. P. C. 1842. Index molluscorum Groenlandiae Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift 4 76-97. Mörch, O. A. L. 1857. Fortegnelse over Gro/nlands Blo/ddyr Gro/nland Geographisk og Statistisk Beskrevet 2 75-100 Commission hos Universitetsboghandler: Kjo/benhavn. [Stated date: 08 Apr 1857.] Sars, G. O. 1878. Bidrag til Kundskaben om Norges Artktische Fauna. I. Mollusca Regionis Articae Norvegiae xvi + 466 pp., 1 map, pls. 1-34, I-XVIII. Bro/gger: Christiania. Sars, M. 1851. Beretning om en i Sommeren 1849 foretagen zoologisk Reise i Lofoten og Finmarken Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne 6 121-211. Say, T. 1822. An account of some of the marine shells of the United States Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 2 221-248, 257-276, 302-325. [Stated date: -- Jun 1822; true date: -- Jul 1822.] Smith, S. 1860. On the Mollusca of Peconic and Gardiner's Bays, Long Island, New York Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York 7 147-168, 1 foldout table. [Stated date: -- Apr 1860.]
