Range: 53°N to 38°N; 74°W to 0°W Depth: 0 to 60 m (live 0 to 5 m) Maximum Reported Size: 43 mm
Synonymy
Nerita littorea (Linnaeus, 1758) Litorina littorea (Linnaeus, 1758) Paludina littorea (Linnaeus, 1758) Turbo littoreus Linnaeus, 1758 Turbo ustulatus Lamarck, 1822 Littorina vulgaris J. Sowerby, 1832 Turbo bicarinatus S. Woodward, 1833 Delphinula carinata S. Woodward, 1833 Turbo carinatus S. Woodward, 1833 Turbo elongatus S. Woodward, 1833 Turbo sulcatus S. Woodward, 1833 Turbo ventricosus S. Woodward, 1833 Littorina bartonensis Brown, 1843 Littorina communis Brown, 1843 Littorina communis W. Thompson, 1844 Littorina antiqua S. V. Wood, 1848 Littorina deformis S. V. Wood, 1848 Littorina delphinula S. V. Wood, 1848 Littorina elegans S. V. Wood, 1848 Littorina picta S. V. Wood, 1848 Littorina pyramidata S. V. Wood, 1848 Littorina fuscofasciata Middendorff, 1849 Littorina pallidefasciata Middendorff, 1849 Littorina brevicula Jeffreys, 1865 Littorina paupercula Jeffreys, 1865 Littorina sinistrorsa Jeffreys, 1865 Littorina turrita Jeffreys, 1865 Littorina armoricana Locard, 1886 Littorina sphaeroidalis Locard, 1886 Littorina scalariformis Norman, 1888 Littorina unicarinata Raeymaekers, 1889 Littorina parva Teilman-Friis, 1898 Littorina miniata Dautzenberg & Durouchoux, 1900 Littorina pallida Dautzenberg & Durouchoux, 1900 Littorina elongata Martel, 1901 Littorina intermedia Brögger, 1901 Littorina sanguinea Dautzenberg & Durouchoux, 1906 Littorina balteata Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1912 Littorina major Dautzenberg & Durouchoux, 1913 Littorina angulata Harmer, 1920 Littorina complanata Harmer, 1920 Littorina conica Harmer, 1920 Littorina distorta Harmer, 1920 Littorina parva Harmer, 1920 Littorina truncata Harmer, 1920 Littorina reevei Harmer, 1921 Littorina aurantia Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1925
Details
Turbo littoreusLinnaeus, 1758, p. 761, [It. wgoth. 169, 199, t. 5, f.3; List. angl. 162, t. 3, f. 9; Gualt. t. 45, f. G] [Basis of the current name] Type Locality: in O[ceano] Europaeo, frequens ad littora Norvegiae Range: 53°N to 38°N; 74°W to 0°W Depth: 0 to 60 m (live 0 to 5 m) Maximum Reported Size: 42 mm Distribution: Canada: Labrador, Newfoundland, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick; USA: Maine, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey References: Fretter & Graham (1980) E; Gilkinson & Kent (1992) L; Reid (1996) N Combining Genera: Litorina Nerita Paludina
Littorina angulata Harmer, 1920, [Synonym] References: Reid (1996) s
Littorina antiqua S. V. Wood, 1848, [Synonym] References: Reid (1996) s
Littorina armoricanaLocard, 1886, p. 285 [Not available] Type Locality: Numerous localities in France [Langrune, France (Reid 1996)] References: Dautzenberg & Fischer (1912) s; Reid (1996) sT Comments: Nude name [check Locard 1891].
Littorina bartonensis Brown, 1843, [Synonym] References: Reid (1996) s
Turbo bicarinatus S. Woodward, 1833, [Synonym] References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Non Sowerby, 1825.
Littorina litorea var. breviculaJeffreys, 1865a, p. 369-370 [Synonym] Type Locality: Llanrhidian saltmarsh near Swansea; Southend; Christiania fiord References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Non Turbo breviculus Philippi, 1844.
Delphinula carinata S. Woodward, 1833, [Synonym] References: Reid (1996) s
Turbo carinatus S. Woodward, 1833, [Synonym] References: Reid (1996) s
Littorina communisW. Thompson, 1844, p. 255, [It. wgoth. 169, 199, t. 5, f.3; List. angl. 162, t. 3, f. 9; Gualt. t. 45, f. G] [Objective synonym of valid name] Attributed to: Thompson (1856) Type Locality: [In Oceano Europaeo, frequens ad littora Norvegiae] References: Dautzenberg & Fischer (1912) s Comments: Unnecessary replacement name for Turbo littorea Linnaeus.
Littorina communis Brown, 1843, [Synonym] References: Reid (1996) s
Littorina complanata Harmer, 1920, [Synonym] References: Reid (1996) s
Littorina conica Harmer, 1920, [Synonym] References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Non Philippi, 1846.
Littorina deformis S. V. Wood, 1848, [Synonym] References: Reid (1996) s
Littorina delphinula S. V. Wood, 1848, [Synonym] References: Reid (1996) s
Littorina distorta Harmer, 1920, [Synonym] References: Reid (1996) s
Littorina elegans S. V. Wood, 1848, [Synonym] References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Non Deshayes, 1842.
Littorina littorea var. pallida monstr. elongataMartel, 1901b, p. 221, pl. 1 [sic, 13], fig. 3 [Not available] Type Locality: Port-Briac, Cancale [France] References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Infrasubspecific monstrosity.
Turbo elongatus S. Woodward, 1833, [Synonym] References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Non Defrance, 1827.
Littorina littorea col. [] fusco fasciatusMiddendorff, 1849b, p. 383 [Not available] Type Locality: Eismeerküsten des Russischen Lapplandes References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Infrasubspecific.
Littorina intermedia Brögger, 1901, [Synonym] References: Dautzenberg & Fischer (1912) s; Reid (1996) s Comments: Non Philippi, 1846.
Turbo litoreus sic, [Not available] Comments: Error for littoreus by Turton (1819: 196). Combining Genera: Litorina
Turbo littoralis sic, [Not available] References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Error for littoreus by Schroeter (1779).
Littorina littorea var. majorDautzenberg & Durouchoux, 1913, p. 23 [Not available] Type Locality: Baie de Saint-Malo, France Maximum Reported Size: 43 mm References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Infrasubspecific.
Littorina littorea var. miniataDautzenberg & Durouchoux, 1900, p. 45 [Not available] Type Locality: Fours-à-Chaux (Saint Servan) References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Infrasubspecific.
Littorina littorea var. pallidaDautzenberg & Durouchoux, 1900, p. 45 [Not available] Type Locality: Saint Servan (Fours-à-Chaux) References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Infrasubspecific.
Littorina littorea col. [] pallide fasciatusMiddendorff, 1849b, p. 383 [Not available] Type Locality: Eismeerküsten des Russischen Lapplandes (Baer und Middend) References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Infrasubspecific.
Littorina parva Harmer, 1920, [Synonym] References: Reid (1996) s
Littorina parva Teilman-Friis, 1898, [Synonym] Attributed to: Mo/rch, 1871 References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Mo/rch (1871) used 'parva' as an adjective, not as new name.
Littorina litorea var. pauperculaJeffreys, 1865a, p. 369-370 [Synonym] Type Locality: Not stated References: Reid (1996) s
Littorina picta S. V. Wood, 1848, [Synonym] References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Non Menke, 1845.
Littorina pyramidata S. V. Wood, 1848, [Synonym] References: Reid (1996) s
Littorina reevei Harmer, 1921, [Synonym] References: Reid (1996) s
Littorina sanguinea Dautzenberg & Durouchoux, 1906, [Not available] References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Infrasubspecific; erroneously attributed to Dautzenberg & Durouchoux (1900) by Dautzenberg & Durouchoux (1913: 23).
Littorina litorea var. sinistrorsaJeffreys, 1865a, p. 370 [Synonym] Type Locality: Billingsgate References: Reid (1996) s
Littorina sphaeroidalisLocard, 1886, p. 285-286, [Faune franç. pl. 12, fig. 4] [Synonym] Type Locality: France [Granville, France (Reid 1996)] References: Dautzenberg & Fischer (1912) s; Reid (1996) sT
Turbo sulcatus S. Woodward, 1833, [Synonym] References: Reid (1996) s Comments: Non Gmelin, 1791
Littorina truncata Harmer, 1920, [Synonym] References: Reid (1996) s
Littorina litorea var. turritaJeffreys, 1865a, p. 369-370 [Synonym] Type Locality: Loch Carron References: Reid (1996) s
Turbo ustulatusLamarck, 1822b, p. 48, [d'Argenville, pl. 6, fig. L; Favanne pl. 9, fig. K.1.] [Synonym] Type Locality: Unknown Maximum Reported Size: 30 mm References: Dautzenberg & Fischer (1912) s; Reid (1996) s
Turbo ventricosus S. Woodward, 1833, [Synonym] References: Reid (1996) s
Littorina vulgaris J. Sowerby, 1832, [Synonym] References: Dautzenberg & Fischer (1912) s; Reid (1996) s
Partial List of References
Dautzenberg, P. and P. Durouchoux. 1900. Faunule Malacologique des environs de Saint-Malo La Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes 31 39-62. [Stated date: 01 Dec 1900; true date: pre 14 Dec.] Dautzenberg, P. and P. Durouchoux. 1913. Les Mollusques de la Baie de Saint-Malo 64 pp., 4 pls. Jeffreys, J. G. 1865. British conchology British Conchology 3 [ii] + 393 pp., frontispiece, 8 pls. John Van Voorst: London. Lamarck, [J. B.] 1822. Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertèbres 7 [iii] + 711 pp. Author: Paris. [Stated date: -- Aug 1822.] Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae Systema Naturae, 10th ed., vol. 1 824 pp. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae [Stockholm, Sweden]. Locard, A. 1886. Catalogue Général des Mollusques Vivants de France--Mollusques Marins x + 779. Henri Georg: Genève et Bale. Martel, H. 1901. Liste des coquilles marines, recueillies a Cancale: Explication des planches La Feuille des Jeunes Naturalistes (4)31 221-222, pl. 13. [Stated date: 01 Jul 1901; true date: pre 12 Jul.] Middendorff, A. T. von. 1849. Beiträge zu einer Malacozoologia Rossica. II. Aufzählung und Beschreibung der zur Meeresfauna Russlands gehörigen einschaler Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg, Sciences Naturelles (6)6 329-516, pls. 1-11. Thompson, W. 1844. Report on the fauna of Ireland: Div. Invertebrata Report of the Thirteenth meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 245-291.