Buccinum haemastomaLinnaeus, 1767, p. 1202, [Gualt. t. 51, f. A] [Basis of the current name] Type Locality: in O[ceano] Europaeo Range: 30.3°N to 35°S; 87°W to 0°W Depth: 0 to 1.2 m (live 0 m) Maximum Reported Size: 80 mm Distribution: USA: Florida: West Florida, Florida Keys; Colombia: Offshore islands; Panama, Colombia, Venezuela; Virgin Islands: St. Croix; Brazil: Pernambuco, Sao Paulo; Uruguay References: Schumacher (1817) c; Cooley (1978) NW; Cosel (1986) D; Leal (1991b) c; Denadai & Amaral (1999) Comments: Liu, Foltz & Stickle (1991) showed with allozyme studies that there are two species of Stramonita in the Gulf of Mexico, but did not try to establish the correct names for them. Stramonita canaliculata, restricted to the Gulf of Mexico, is here removed from the synonymy of S. haemastoma. S. haemastoma is maintained as a wide-ranging species in the Western Atlantic, but may prove to be restricted to the Eastern Atlantic. Ruiz et al. (2000) report that S. haemastoma has been introduced into Chesapeake Bay. Combining Genera: Purpura Thais
Purpura barcinonensis Hidalgo, 1867, [Synonym] References: Clench (1947) s
Purpura calva Weinkauff, 1873, [Synonym]
Purpura cateracta sic, [Not available] Distribution: USA: North Carolina, South Carolina References: Kurtz (1860); Tryon (1880) s Comments: Misspelling and misidentification of Buccinum catarrhacta Gmelin, 1791.
Buccinum cingulatumLamarck, 1816, pl. 400, figs. 6a-b [Synonym] Type Locality: Not stated Maximum Reported Size: 39 mm References: Lamarck (1822b) M Comments: Non Linnaeus, 1771.
Sinusigera colbeauiana Craven, 1877, [Synonym] References: R. Scheltema (1971) s
Murex consulGmelin, 1791, p. 3540, [Chemnitz 1788, pl. 160, figs. 1516-1517] [Synonym] Attributed to: Lamarck, 1822 Type Locality: 'Oceano indico' References: Sabelli et al. (1990) s
Purpura haemastoma var. cornutaPhilippi, 1844a, p. 187, pl. 27, fig. 2 [Synonym] Attributed to: Menke Type Locality: Tarenti Maximum Reported Size: 48 mm References: Philippi (1844a) M; Reeve (1846d) s
Purpura haemastoma var. costellataPallary, 1900, p. 291-292 [Synonym] Type Locality: départment d'Oran [Algeria] References: Clench (1947) s
Thais cruentata auct. non Gmelin, 1791, [Not available] Range: 11.2°N to 10.6°N; 64.3°W to 63.1°W Depth: 11 to 30 m (live 30 m) Maximum Reported Size: 45 mm Distribution: Venezuela: Sucre, Isla Margarita References: Rosenberg (herein, 20 Oct 2003) s; Macsotay & Campos (2001) DdLlNSEWM Comments: Misidentification by Macsotay & Campos (2001), who include Thais haemostoma florida in the synonymy of cruentata.
Cuma diadema auct. non Reeve, 1846, [Not available; synonymy uncertain] Range: 17°N to 15.5°N; 61.8°W to 61.5°W Distribution: Antigua, Dominica References: Higgins & Marrat (1877) NSEW Comments: Misidentification by Lamarck.
Purpura fasciata Dunker, 1857, [Synonym] References: Clench (1947) s
Purpura floridanaConrad, 1837, p. 265-266, pl. 20, fig. 21 [Synonym] Type Locality: Florida; Mobile Point, Alabama Range: 37.1°N to 4°N; 97.2°W to 51°W Depth: 0 to 538 m (live 0 to 0.5 m) Maximum Reported Size: 80 mm Distribution: USA: Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida: East Florida, West Florida, Florida Keys, Dry Tortugas; USA: Alabama, Louisiana, Texas; Mexico: Veracruz, Campeche State, Cayo Arcas, Campeche, Yucatan State, Quintana Roo; Belize, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela: Gulf of Venezuela, Zulia, Falcon, Carabobo, Isla la Blanquilla, Isla Margarita; Bahamas: Bimini; Cuba: North Matanzas, Villa Clara, Cienfuegos; Jamaica, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico; Virgin Islands: St. Thomas, St. John, St. Croix, Tortola; Antigua, Guadeloupe; St. Vincent & the Grenadines: Grenada; Barbados; Trinidad & Tobago: Trinidad; Brazil: Piaui, Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte References: Dautzenberg (1900); Dall (1927b) D; Clench (1947) {N}SE; Gunter (1950); Parker (1959) W; Wass (1972) N; Bandel (1976) s; Princz (1978b); Cosel (1986) Ll; Gundersen (1998) M Combining Genera: Thais
Purpura forbesii Dunker, 1853, [Synonym] References: Kool (1993) s
Purpura giganteaReeve, 1846d, pl. 4, fig. 17 [Synonym] Type Locality: Unknown References: Clench (1947) s Comments: Non Blainville, 1826.
Purpura gigantea Calcara, 1840, [Synonym] References: Clench (1947) s Comments: Non Blainville, 1826.
Purpura gracilior Kobelt, 1887, [Synonym] References: Sabelli et al. (1990) s
Thais griseaRöding, 1798, p. 54, [Martini 1777, pl. 101, fig. 964] [Synonym] Type Locality: Not stated References: Clench (1947) s
Purpura gundlachi Arango, 1880, [Not available] Attributed to: Dunker References: Clench (1947) s Comments: In synonymy of floridana.
Stramonita haemostoma sic, [Not available] Comments: Misspelling of S. haemastoma by Ruiz et al. (2000).
Thais hidalgoi Coen, 1946, [Synonym] References: Kool (1993) s
Purpura (Stramonita) haemastoma var. laevisBucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1882b, p. 63, pl. 10, fig. 1-2 [Synonym] Type Locality: Not stated Range: 35°S to 35°S Maximum Reported Size: 70 mm Comments: Nude name in Monterosato (1878:99).
Thais langi Clench, 1948, [Synonymy uncertain] References: Kool (1993) s
Buccinum lineatumLamarck, 1822b, p. 268, [Lamarck 1816, pl. 400, figs. 6a-b] [Synonym] Type Locality: Unknown Maximum Reported Size: 39 mm References: Lamarck (1822b) M; Clench (1947) s
Purpura haemastoma var. majorMonterosato, 1878b, p. 99 [Not available] Type Locality: Mediterranean Comments: Nude name; in synonymy of variety gigantea in Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus (1882b:62) and Pallary (1900:289).
Thais metallicaRöding, 1798, p. 54, [Martini 1777, pl. 101, figs. 965-966] [Synonym] Type Locality: Not stated References: Clench (1947) s
Purpura haemastoma var. minimaPallary, 1900, p. 291 [Not available] Type Locality: département d'Oran [Algeria] References: Clench (1947) s Comments: Infrasubspecific.
Purpura (Stramonita) haemastoma var. minorBucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1882b, p. 63, pl. 9, fig. 4-5 [Synonym] Type Locality: Not stated References: Sabelli et al. (1990) s Comments: Nude name in Monterosato (1878:99).
Thais nebulosaRöding, 1798, p. 54, Not figured [Objective synonym of valid name] Type Locality: Not stated References: Clench (1947) s
Purpura nebulosaConrad, 1868, p. 270, [Dunker 1853, pl. 3, fig. 15] [Synonym] Type Locality: Not stated References: Clench (1947) s
Purpura (Stramonita) haemastoma var. nodulosaBucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1882b, p. 63 [Synonym] Type Locality: Not stated Maximum Reported Size: 60 mm References: Pallary (1900) M; Sabelli et al. (1990) s Comments: Nude name in Monterosato (1878:99); plate caption in Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus (1882b) says Purpura haemostoma var. minor.
Purpura nuttalli Conrad, 1836, [Synonym] References: Clench (1947) s
Purpura haemastoma var. nuxMonterosato, 1878b, p. 99 [Not available] Type Locality: Coste di Provenza Comments: Nude name; also nude in Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus (1882:63) and Pallary (1900:289).
Purpura oceanicaLocard, 1886, p. 145, 555, [Kiener 1836, pl. 32, fig. 7-8, etc.] [Synonym] Type Locality: Various localities Maximum Reported Size: 100 mm References: Locard (1886) M; Clench (1947) s
Fusus pyruloidesDe Kay, 1843, p. 147, pl. 9, fig. 191 [Synonymy uncertain] Type Locality: 'attached to the bottom of a vessel in the harbor of New-York, believed to have arrived from a southern port' Maximum Reported Size: 24 mm References: De Kay (1843) M; Clench & Turner (1956) s
Thais stellataRöding, 1798, p. 54, [Argenville, pl. 17, fig. H] [Synonymy uncertain] Type Locality: Not stated References: Clench (1947) s
Purpura haemastoma var. striataPallary, 1900, p. 291-292, not figured [Synonym] Type Locality: département d'Oran [Algeria] References: Clench (1947) s Comments: Non Quoy & Gaimard, 1832.
Purpura undata auct. non Lamarck, 1822, [Not available] Range: 24.6°N to 8°S; 81°W to 35°W Depth: 0 m Maximum Reported Size: 32 mm Distribution: USA: Florida: Florida Keys; Colombia References: d'Orbigny (1841a) SEM; Calkins (1878) NW; Dautzenberg (1900) d; Cosel (1986) s Comments: Misidentification by d'Orbigny (1841a); Dautzenberg (1900, partim).
Purpura unifascialisLamarck, 1816, p. [Lamarck 1822b, p. 247-248], pl. 397, fig. 6 [Synonym] Type Locality: Not stated [Unknown (Lamarck 1822b)] Maximum Reported Size: 34 mm References: Lamarck (1822b) M; Clench (1947) s
Partial List of References
Bucquoy, E., P. Dautzenberg and G. Dollfus. 1882. Les mollusques marins du Roussillon Les Mollusques Marins du Roussillon 1 41-84, pls. 6-10. Bailličre; Dautzenberg: Paris. [True date: -- Aug 1882.] Conrad, T. A. 1837. Descriptions of new marine shells, from Upper California. Collected by Thomas Nuttall, Esq. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7 227-268, pls. 17-20. [Stated date: -- Feb 1837.] Conrad, T. A. 1868. Descriptions of new genera and species of Miocene shells, with notes on other fossil and recent species American Journal of Conchology 3 257-270, pls. 19-24. [True date: 02 Apr 1868.] De Kay, J. E. 1843. Mollusca Zoology of New York 5 [iii] + iv + [iv] + 271 pp., 40 pls. Gmelin, J. F. 1791. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae. Editio decima tertia Systema Naturae, 13th ed., vol. 1(6) 3021-3910. Lipsiae. Lamarck, [J. B.] 1816. Tableau Encyclopédique et Méthodique des Trois Rčgnes de la Nature [iii] + 16 pp., pls. 391-431, 431 bis, 431 bis*, 432-488. Veuve Agasse: Paris. Lamarck, [J. B.] 1822. Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertčbres Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertčbres 7 [iii] + 711 pp. Author: Paris. [Stated date: -- Aug 1822.] Linnaeus, C. 1767. Systema Naturae Systema Naturae, 12th ed., vol. 1(2) 533-1327 + [37]. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae [Stockholm, Sweden]. Locard, A. 1886. Catalogue Général des Mollusques Vivants de France--Mollusques Marins x + 779. Henri Georg: Genčve et Bale. Monterosato, [T. A.] di. 1878. Enumerazione e sinonimia delle conchiglie Mediterranee Giornale di Scienze Naturali ed Economiche 13 61-115. Pallary, P. 1900. Coquilles marines du littoral du Département d'Oran Journal de Conchyliologie 48 211-422, pls. 6-8. Philippi, R. A. 1844. Enumeratio Molluscorum Siciliae Enumeratio Molluscorum Siciliae 2 iv + 303 pp., pls. 13-28. Eduardi Anton: Halis Saxonum. Reeve, L. 1846. Monograph of the genus Purpura Conchologia Iconica 3 pls. 1-13 Röding, P. F. 1798. Museum Boltenianum viii + 199 pp. Hamburg. [Stated date: -- Sep 1798.]