The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia

Malacolog Version 4.1.1

A Database of Western Atlantic Marine Mollusca

The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia


Gastropoda: Neogastropoda: Muricoidea: Rapaninae

Stramonita haemastoma (Linnaeus, 1767)


Range: 37.1°N to 35°S; 97.2°W to 0°W
Depth: 0 to 538 m (live 0 to 30 m)
Maximum Reported Size: 100  mm

Synonymy

Thais haemastoma (Linnaeus, 1767) 
Purpura haemastoma (Linnaeus, 1767) 
Buccinum haemastoma Linnaeus, 1767
Murex consul Gmelin, 1791
Thais cruentata auct. non Gmelin, 1791
Thais grisea Röding, 1798
Thais metallica Röding, 1798
Thais nebulosa Röding, 1798
Thais stellata Röding, 1798
Buccinum cingulatum Lamarck, 1816
Purpura unifascialis Lamarck, 1816
Buccinum lineatum Lamarck, 1822
Purpura undata auct. non Lamarck, 1822
Purpura nuttalli Conrad, 1836
Purpura floridana Conrad, 1837
Thais floridana (Conrad, 1837) 
Purpura gigantea Calcara, 1840
Fusus pyruloides De Kay, 1843
Purpura cornuta Philippi, 1844
Cuma diadema auct. non Reeve, 1846
Purpura gigantea Reeve, 1846
Purpura forbesii Dunker, 1853
Purpura fasciata Dunker, 1857
Purpura barcinonensis Hidalgo, 1867
Purpura nebulosa Conrad, 1868
Purpura calva Weinkauff, 1873
Sinusigera colbeauiana Craven, 1877
Purpura major Monterosato, 1878
Purpura nux Monterosato, 1878
Purpura gundlachi Arango, 1880
Purpura laevis Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1882
Purpura minor Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1882
Purpura nodulosa Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1882
Purpura oceanica Locard, 1886
Purpura gracilior Kobelt, 1887
Purpura costellata Pallary, 1900
Purpura minima Pallary, 1900
Purpura striata Pallary, 1900
Thais hidalgoi Coen, 1946
Thais langi Clench, 1948

Details


Buccinum haemastoma Linnaeus, 1767, p. 1202, [Gualt. t. 51, f. A]
[Basis of the current name]
Type Locality: in O[ceano] Europaeo
Range: 30.3°N to 35°S; 87°W to 0°W
Depth: 0 to 1.2 m (live 0 m)
Maximum Reported Size: 80 mm
Distribution: USA: Florida: West Florida, Florida Keys; Colombia: Offshore islands; Panama, Colombia, Venezuela; Virgin Islands: St. Croix; Brazil: Pernambuco, Sao Paulo; Uruguay
References: Schumacher (1817) c; Cooley (1978) NW; Cosel (1986) D; Leal (1991b) c; Denadai & Amaral (1999)
Comments: Liu, Foltz & Stickle (1991) showed with allozyme studies that there are two species of Stramonita in the Gulf of Mexico, but did not try to establish the correct names for them. Stramonita canaliculata, restricted to the Gulf of Mexico, is here removed from the synonymy of S. haemastoma. S. haemastoma is maintained as a wide-ranging species in the Western Atlantic, but may prove to be restricted to the Eastern Atlantic. Ruiz et al. (2000) report that S. haemastoma has been introduced into Chesapeake Bay.
Combining Genera:  Purpura Thais

Purpura barcinonensis Hidalgo, 1867, 
[Synonym]
References: Clench (1947) s

Purpura calva Weinkauff, 1873, 
[Synonym]

Purpura cateracta sic, 
[Not available]
Distribution: USA: North Carolina, South Carolina
References: Kurtz (1860); Tryon (1880) s
Comments: Misspelling and misidentification of Buccinum catarrhacta Gmelin, 1791.

Buccinum cingulatum Lamarck, 1816,  pl. 400, figs. 6a-b
[Synonym]
Type Locality: Not stated
Maximum Reported Size: 39 mm
References: Lamarck (1822b) M
Comments: Non Linnaeus, 1771.

Sinusigera colbeauiana Craven, 1877, 
[Synonym]
References: R. Scheltema (1971) s

Murex consul Gmelin, 1791, p. 3540, [Chemnitz 1788, pl. 160, figs. 1516-1517]
[Synonym]
Attributed to: Lamarck, 1822
Type Locality: 'Oceano indico'
References: Sabelli et al. (1990) s

Purpura haemastoma var. cornuta Philippi, 1844a, p. 187, pl. 27, fig. 2
[Synonym]
Attributed to: Menke
Type Locality: Tarenti
Maximum Reported Size: 48 mm
References: Philippi (1844a) M; Reeve (1846d) s

Purpura haemastoma var. costellata Pallary, 1900, p. 291-292
[Synonym]
Type Locality: départment d'Oran [Algeria]
References: Clench (1947) s

Thais cruentata auct. non Gmelin, 1791, 
[Not available]
Range: 11.2°N to 10.6°N; 64.3°W to 63.1°W
Depth: 11 to 30 m (live 30 m)
Maximum Reported Size: 45 mm
Distribution: Venezuela: Sucre, Isla Margarita
References: Rosenberg (herein, 20 Oct 2003) s; Macsotay & Campos (2001) DdLlNSEWM
Comments: Misidentification by Macsotay & Campos (2001), who include Thais haemostoma florida in the synonymy of cruentata.

Cuma diadema auct. non Reeve, 1846, 
[Not available; synonymy uncertain]
Range: 17°N to 15.5°N; 61.8°W to 61.5°W
Distribution: Antigua, Dominica
References: Higgins & Marrat (1877) NSEW
Comments: Misidentification by Lamarck.

Purpura fasciata Dunker, 1857, 
[Synonym]
References: Clench (1947) s

Purpura floridana Conrad, 1837, p. 265-266, pl. 20, fig. 21
[Synonym]
Type Locality: Florida; Mobile Point, Alabama
Range: 37.1°N to 4°N; 97.2°W to 51°W
Depth: 0 to 538 m (live 0 to 0.5 m)
Maximum Reported Size: 80 mm
Distribution: USA: Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida: East Florida, West Florida, Florida Keys, Dry Tortugas; USA: Alabama, Louisiana, Texas; Mexico: Veracruz, Campeche State, Cayo Arcas, Campeche, Yucatan State, Quintana Roo; Belize, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela: Gulf of Venezuela, Zulia, Falcon, Carabobo, Isla la Blanquilla, Isla Margarita; Bahamas: Bimini; Cuba: North Matanzas, Villa Clara, Cienfuegos; Jamaica, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico; Virgin Islands: St. Thomas, St. John, St. Croix, Tortola; Antigua, Guadeloupe; St. Vincent & the Grenadines: Grenada; Barbados; Trinidad & Tobago: Trinidad; Brazil: Piaui, Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte
References: Dautzenberg (1900); Dall (1927b) D; Clench (1947) {N}SE; Gunter (1950); Parker (1959) W; Wass (1972) N; Bandel (1976) s; Princz (1978b); Cosel (1986) Ll; Gundersen (1998) M
Combining Genera:  Thais

Purpura forbesii Dunker, 1853, 
[Synonym]
References: Kool (1993) s

Purpura gigantea Reeve, 1846d,  pl. 4, fig. 17
[Synonym]
Type Locality: Unknown
References: Clench (1947) s
Comments: Non Blainville, 1826.

Purpura gigantea Calcara, 1840, 
[Synonym]
References: Clench (1947) s
Comments: Non Blainville, 1826.

Purpura gracilior Kobelt, 1887, 
[Synonym]
References: Sabelli et al. (1990) s

Thais grisea Röding, 1798, p. 54, [Martini 1777, pl. 101, fig. 964]
[Synonym]
Type Locality: Not stated
References: Clench (1947) s

Purpura gundlachi Arango, 1880, 
[Not available]
Attributed to: Dunker
References: Clench (1947) s
Comments: In synonymy of floridana.

Stramonita haemostoma sic, 
[Not available]
Comments: Misspelling of S. haemastoma by Ruiz et al. (2000).

Thais hidalgoi Coen, 1946, 
[Synonym]
References: Kool (1993) s

Purpura hoemastoma sic, 
[Not available]
Distribution: Uruguay
References: Corsi (1900) NSM
Comments: Misspelling by Corsi (1900).

Purpura (Stramonita) haemastoma var. laevis Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1882b, p. 63, pl. 10, fig. 1-2
[Synonym]
Type Locality: Not stated
Range: 35°S to 35°S
Maximum Reported Size: 70 mm
Comments: Nude name in Monterosato (1878:99).

Thais langi Clench, 1948, 
[Synonymy uncertain]
References: Kool (1993) s

Buccinum lineatum Lamarck, 1822b, p. 268, [Lamarck 1816, pl. 400, figs. 6a-b]
[Synonym]
Type Locality: Unknown
Maximum Reported Size: 39 mm
References: Lamarck (1822b) M; Clench (1947) s

Purpura haemastoma var. major Monterosato, 1878b, p. 99
[Not available]
Type Locality: Mediterranean
Comments: Nude name; in synonymy of variety gigantea in Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus (1882b:62) and Pallary (1900:289).

Thais metallica Röding, 1798, p. 54, [Martini 1777, pl. 101, figs. 965-966]
[Synonym]
Type Locality: Not stated
References: Clench (1947) s

Purpura haemastoma var. minima Pallary, 1900, p. 291
[Not available]
Type Locality: département d'Oran [Algeria]
References: Clench (1947) s
Comments: Infrasubspecific.

Purpura (Stramonita) haemastoma var. minor Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1882b, p. 63, pl. 9, fig. 4-5
[Synonym]
Type Locality: Not stated
References: Sabelli et al. (1990) s
Comments: Nude name in Monterosato (1878:99).

Thais nebulosa Röding, 1798, p. 54, Not figured
[Objective synonym of valid name]
Type Locality: Not stated
References: Clench (1947) s

Purpura nebulosa Conrad, 1868, p. 270, [Dunker 1853, pl. 3, fig. 15]
[Synonym]
Type Locality: Not stated
References: Clench (1947) s

Purpura (Stramonita) haemastoma var. nodulosa Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1882b, p. 63
[Synonym]
Type Locality: Not stated
Maximum Reported Size: 60 mm
References: Pallary (1900) M; Sabelli et al. (1990) s
Comments: Nude name in Monterosato (1878:99); plate caption in Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus (1882b) says Purpura haemostoma var. minor.

Purpura nuttalli Conrad, 1836, 
[Synonym]
References: Clench (1947) s

Purpura haemastoma var. nux Monterosato, 1878b, p. 99
[Not available]
Type Locality: Coste di Provenza
Comments: Nude name; also nude in Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus (1882:63) and Pallary (1900:289).

Purpura oceanica Locard, 1886, p. 145, 555, [Kiener 1836, pl. 32, fig. 7-8, etc.]
[Synonym]
Type Locality: Various localities
Maximum Reported Size: 100 mm
References: Locard (1886) M; Clench (1947) s

Fusus pyruloides De Kay, 1843, p. 147, pl. 9, fig. 191
[Synonymy uncertain]
Type Locality: 'attached to the bottom of a vessel in the harbor of New-York, believed to have arrived from a southern port'
Maximum Reported Size: 24 mm
References: De Kay (1843) M; Clench & Turner (1956) s

Thais stellata Röding, 1798, p. 54, [Argenville, pl. 17, fig. H]
[Synonymy uncertain]
Type Locality: Not stated
References: Clench (1947) s

Purpura haemastoma var. striata Pallary, 1900, p. 291-292, not figured
[Synonym]
Type Locality: département d'Oran [Algeria]
References: Clench (1947) s
Comments: Non Quoy & Gaimard, 1832.

Purpura undata auct. non Lamarck, 1822, 
[Not available]
Range: 24.6°N to 8°S; 81°W to 35°W
Depth: 0 m
Maximum Reported Size: 32 mm
Distribution: USA: Florida: Florida Keys; Colombia
References: d'Orbigny (1841a) SEM; Calkins (1878) NW; Dautzenberg (1900) d; Cosel (1986) s
Comments: Misidentification by d'Orbigny (1841a); Dautzenberg (1900, partim).

Purpura unifascialis Lamarck, 1816, p. [Lamarck 1822b, p. 247-248], pl. 397, fig. 6
[Synonym]
Type Locality: Not stated [Unknown (Lamarck 1822b)]
Maximum Reported Size: 34 mm
References: Lamarck (1822b) M; Clench (1947) s


Partial List of References

Bucquoy, E., P. Dautzenberg and G. Dollfus. 1882. Les mollusques marins du Roussillon Les Mollusques Marins du Roussillon 1 41-84, pls. 6-10. Bailličre; Dautzenberg: Paris. [True date: -- Aug 1882.]
Conrad, T. A. 1837. Descriptions of new marine shells, from Upper California. Collected by Thomas Nuttall, Esq. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7 227-268, pls. 17-20. [Stated date: -- Feb 1837.]
Conrad, T. A. 1868. Descriptions of new genera and species of Miocene shells, with notes on other fossil and recent species American Journal of Conchology 3 257-270, pls. 19-24. [True date: 02 Apr 1868.]
De Kay, J. E. 1843. Mollusca Zoology of New York 5 [iii] + iv + [iv] + 271 pp., 40 pls.
Gmelin, J. F. 1791. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae. Editio decima tertia Systema Naturae, 13th ed., vol. 1(6) 3021-3910. Lipsiae.
Lamarck, [J. B.] 1816. Tableau Encyclopédique et Méthodique des Trois Rčgnes de la Nature  [iii] + 16 pp., pls. 391-431, 431 bis, 431 bis*, 432-488. Veuve Agasse: Paris.
Lamarck, [J. B.] 1822. Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertčbres Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertčbres 7 [iii] + 711 pp. Author: Paris. [Stated date: -- Aug 1822.]
Linnaeus, C. 1767. Systema Naturae Systema Naturae, 12th ed., vol. 1(2) 533-1327 + [37]. Laurentii Salvii: Holmiae [Stockholm, Sweden].
Locard, A. 1886. Catalogue Général des Mollusques Vivants de France--Mollusques Marins  x + 779. Henri Georg: Genčve et Bale.
Monterosato, [T. A.] di. 1878. Enumerazione e sinonimia delle conchiglie Mediterranee Giornale di Scienze Naturali ed Economiche 13 61-115.
Pallary, P. 1900. Coquilles marines du littoral du Département d'Oran Journal de Conchyliologie 48 211-422, pls. 6-8.
Philippi, R. A. 1844. Enumeratio Molluscorum Siciliae Enumeratio Molluscorum Siciliae 2 iv + 303 pp., pls. 13-28. Eduardi Anton: Halis Saxonum.
Reeve, L. 1846. Monograph of the genus Purpura Conchologia Iconica 3 pls. 1-13
Röding, P. F. 1798. Museum Boltenianum  viii + 199 pp. Hamburg. [Stated date: -- Sep 1798.]

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